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Vulnerabilities/CVE-2025-31277
Vulnerability dossier

CVE-2025-31277

VendorredhatPublishedJul 30, 2025SourceNVDWeaknessCWE-119
Act now

Actively exploited in the wild. Patch or mitigate immediately — don't wait for a maintenance window.

Severity
High · 8.8
CVSS base score
Exploitation
In the wild
CISA KEV
Predicted risk
2% model
EPSS forecast — overtaken by confirmed exploitation
Exposure
Remote
Exploitable over the network without credentials
01

What's the risk?

An unauthenticated attacker, remotely over the network, if a user is tricked into opening a malicious file or link, can fully compromise the system — steal data, tamper with it and take it offline.

The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in Safari 18.6, iOS 18.6 and iPadOS 18.6, macOS Sequoia 15.6, tvOS 18.6, visionOS 2.6, watchOS 11.6. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to memory corruption.

How it's exploitedMITRE ATT&CK · inferred from weakness & vector
Execution
T1203Exploitation for Client Execution

Inferred from the weakness type (CWE) and how the flaw is reached — the techniques an attacker would chain to exploit this. Real-world corroboration appears here as threat intel is folded in.

02

Who's exploiting it?

Corroborated threat activity referencing this CVE — with source and confidence, not inference.

Confirmed exploited in the wild. CISA KEV · catalogued Mar 20, 2026

Named threat actors and observed ATT&CK techniques appear here as intel feeds are folded in — the ATT&CK chain above stays inferred until then.

03

Are we affected?

26
  • Affectedapple · ipados< 18.6↑ fixed 18.6
  • Affectedapple · iphone_os< 18.6↑ fixed 18.6
Affected
apple · macos
≥ 15.0, < 15.6
↑ fixed 15.6
  • Affectedapple · safari< 18.6↑ fixed 18.6
  • Affectedapple · tvos< 18.6↑ fixed 18.6
  • Affectedapple · visionos< 2.6↑ fixed 2.6
  • Affectedapple · watchos< 11.6↑ fixed 11.6
  • Affectedredhat · enterprise_linux7.0
  • Affectedredhat · enterprise_linux9.0
  • Affectedredhat · enterprise_linux6.0
  • Affectedredhat · enterprise_linux8.0
  • Affectedredhat · enterprise_linux_aus8.2
  • Affectedredhat · enterprise_linux_aus8.4
  • Affectedredhat · enterprise_linux_aus8.6
  • Affectedredhat · enterprise_linux_els7.0
  • Affectedredhat · enterprise_linux_eus8.4
  • Affectedredhat · enterprise_linux_eus8.6
  • Affectedredhat · enterprise_linux_eus9.4
  • Affectedredhat · enterprise_linux_tus8.6
  • Affectedredhat · enterprise_linux_tus8.8
  • Affectedredhat · enterprise_linux_update_services_for_sap_solutions9.0
  • Affectedredhat · enterprise_linux_update_services_for_sap_solutions9.2
  • Affectedredhat · enterprise_linux_update_services_for_sap_solutions8.6
  • Affectedredhat · enterprise_linux_update_services_for_sap_solutions8.8
  • Affectedwebkitgtk · webkitgtk< 2.50.0↑ fixed 2.50.0
  • Affectedwpewebkit · wpe_webkit< 2.50.0↑ fixed 2.50.0
  • 04

    What to do

    Generated by Wavense from the CVE record — an immediate mitigation and the permanent fix.

    1. !

      Mitigate now

      Users should exercise extreme caution when browsing untrusted websites or opening links from unknown sources to reduce exposure to malicious web content. Employ browser security features like content blockers and anti-malware solutions, and ensure email/messaging systems filter suspicious links. Restrict unnecessary browser access for critical systems and consider using a less privileged account for daily web browsing where feasible.

    2. ✓

      Permanent fix

      The permanent resolution is to update all affected Apple devices to the latest patched versions. Specifically, upgrade Safari to 18.6, iOS and iPadOS to 18.6, macOS Sequoia to 15.6, tvOS to 18.6, visionOS to 2.6, and watchOS to 11.6. These updates include improved memory handling to address the vulnerability, eliminating the risk of memory corruption.

    Technical details— weakness, CVSS vector & calculator, related CVEs

    Business impact

    An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by enticing a user to process maliciously crafted web content, leading to memory corruption. Successful exploitation could result in arbitrary code execution on the affected device, allowing the attacker to gain control, disclose sensitive information, or cause a denial of service. This poses a significant risk of data compromise, privacy violation, and operational disruption.

    Weakness

    2
    CWE-119Common Weakness Enumeration · MITRE definitionCWE-120Common Weakness Enumeration · MITRE definition

    CVSS 3.1 details

    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
    0.0
    / 10.0 base
    High severity
    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
    Exploitability metrics
    Attack VectorAV
    Remotely exploitable across a network
    Attack ComplexityAC
    No special conditions required
    Privileges RequiredPR
    No authorization needed
    User InteractionUI
    A user must take an action
    Impact metrics
    ScopeS
    Impact confined to the vulnerable component
    ConfidentialityC
    Total loss of confidentiality
    IntegrityI
    Total loss of integrity
    AvailabilityA
    Total loss of availability

    Related vulnerabilities

    Other CVEs affecting ipados

    NVD
    10.0Critical
    CVE-2025-43300KEV

    An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.8.5 and iPadOS 15.8.5, iOS 16.7.12 and iPadOS 16.7.12, iOS 18.6.2 and iPadOS 18.6.2, iPadOS 17.7.10, macOS Sequoia 15.6.1, macOS Sonoma 14.7.8, macOS Ventura 13.7.8. Processing a malicious image file may result in memory corruption. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals.

    appleCWE-787Out-of-bounds WriteNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2025-08-20
    NVD
    10.0Critical
    CVE-2025-24201KEV

    An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved checks to prevent unauthorized actions. This issue is fixed in Safari 18.3.1, iOS 15.8.4 and iPadOS 15.8.4, iOS 16.7.11 and iPadOS 16.7.11, iOS 18.3.2 and iPadOS 18.3.2, iPadOS 17.7.6, macOS Sequoia 15.3.2, visionOS 2.3.2, watchOS 11.4. Maliciously crafted web content may be able to break out of Web Content sandbox. This is a supplementary fix for an attack that was blocked in iOS 17.2. (Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on versions of iOS before iOS 17.2.).

    appleCWE-787Out-of-bounds WriteNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2025-03-11
    NVD
    10.0Critical
    CVE-2025-24085KEVPoC

    A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.3 and iPadOS 18.3, iPadOS 17.7.6, macOS Sequoia 15.3, macOS Sonoma 14.7.5, macOS Ventura 13.7.5, tvOS 18.3, visionOS 2.3, watchOS 11.3. A malicious application may be able to elevate privileges. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 17.2.

    appleCWE-416Use After FreeNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2025-01-27
    NVD
    9.8Critical
    CVE-2026-65400KEV

    An authentication issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27, macOS Sequoia 15.7.9, macOS Sonoma 14.8.9, macOS Tahoe 26.6.1, macOS Tahoe 26.7. An attacker on the network may be able to authenticate to Screen Sharing without valid credentials.

    appleCWE-287Improper AuthenticationNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2026-08-06
    NVD
    9.8Critical
    CVE-2025-31201KEV

    This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.4.1 and iPadOS 18.4.1, macOS Sequoia 15.4.1, tvOS 18.4.1, visionOS 2.4.1. An attacker with arbitrary read and write capability may be able to bypass Pointer Authentication. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on iOS.

    appleCWE-1220NetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2025-04-16
    NVD
    9.8Critical
    CVE-2025-31200KEV

    A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.4.1 and iPadOS 18.4.1, macOS Sequoia 15.4.1, tvOS 18.4.1, visionOS 2.4.1, watchOS 11.5. Processing an audio stream in a maliciously crafted media file may result in code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on versions of iOS released before iOS 18.4.1.

    appleCWE-119Memory Buffer ErrorNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2025-04-16
    NVD
    9.8Critical
    CVE-2022-22587KEV

    A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.3 and iPadOS 15.3, macOS Big Sur 11.6.3, macOS Monterey 12.2. A malicious application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited..

    appleCWE-787Out-of-bounds WriteNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2022-03-18
    NVD
    9.8Critical
    CVE-2021-1871KEV

    A logic issue was addressed with improved restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.2, Security Update 2021-001 Catalina, Security Update 2021-001 Mojave, iOS 14.4 and iPadOS 14.4. A remote attacker may be able to cause arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited..

    appleNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2021-04-02
    0.0
    / 10.0 base
    High severity
    Key facts
    CVE ID
    CVE-2025-31277
    Published
    Jul 30, 2025
    Last modified
    Sep 21, 2026
    CVSS
    8.8 (v3.1)
    EPSS
    1.60%
    In CISA KEV
    Yes
    Confidence
    100/100
    Weakness
    CWE-119
    Fixed in
    18.6, 15.6, 2.6…
    Timeline
    1. Jul 30, 2025Published to NVDNVD
    2. Sep 21, 2026Record last modifiedNVD
    3. Aug 17, 2026AI analysis generatedWavense
    View on NVD