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Vulnerabilities/CVE-2025-43300
Vulnerability dossier

CVE-2025-43300

Apple OS Malicious Image Out-of-Bounds Write

VendorapplePublishedAug 20, 2025SourceNVDWeaknessCWE-787
Act now

Actively exploited in the wild. Patch or mitigate immediately — don't wait for a maintenance window.

Severity
Critical · 10.0
CVSS base score
Exploitation
In the wild
CISA KEV
Predicted risk
32% model
EPSS forecast — overtaken by confirmed exploitation
Exposure
Internet-facing
Exploitable remotely, no login, no user action
01

What's the risk?

An unauthenticated attacker, remotely over the network, with no user interaction, can fully compromise the system — steal data, tamper with it and take it offline.

An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.8.5 and iPadOS 15.8.5, iOS 16.7.12 and iPadOS 16.7.12, iOS 18.6.2 and iPadOS 18.6.2, iPadOS 17.7.10, macOS Sequoia 15.6.1, macOS Sonoma 14.7.8, macOS Ventura 13.7.8. Processing a malicious image file may result in memory corruption. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals.

How it's exploitedMITRE ATT&CK · inferred from weakness & vector
Initial Access
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Inferred from the weakness type (CWE) and how the flaw is reached — the techniques an attacker would chain to exploit this. Real-world corroboration appears here as threat intel is folded in.

02

Who's exploiting it?

Corroborated threat activity referencing this CVE — with source and confidence, not inference.

Confirmed exploited in the wild. CISA KEV · catalogued Aug 21, 2025

Named threat actors and observed ATT&CK techniques appear here as intel feeds are folded in — the ATT&CK chain above stays inferred until then.

03

Are we affected?

10
  • Affectedapple · ipadosall versions
  • Affectedapple · ipados
all versions
  • Affectedapple · ipadosall versions
  • Affectedapple · ipadosall versions
  • Affectedapple · iphone_osall versions
  • Affectedapple · iphone_osall versions
  • Affectedapple · iphone_osall versions
  • Affectedapple · macosall versions
  • Affectedapple · macosall versions
  • Affectedapple · macosall versions
  • 04

    What to do

    Generated by Wavense from the CVE record — an immediate mitigation and the permanent fix.

    1. !

      Mitigate now

      Until patches can be applied, organizations should implement strict email and messaging platform security to block suspicious attachments and URLs. Enhance endpoint detection and response (EDR) systems with rules for unusual memory activity or process behavior related to image handling. Educate users about the risks of opening unsolicited image files, especially from unknown senders.

    2. ✓

      Permanent fix

      The permanent fix involves updating affected Apple operating systems to the patched versions. Users should upgrade to iOS 15.8.5, iPadOS 15.8.5, iOS 16.7.12, iPadOS 16.7.12, iOS 18.6.2, iPadOS 18.6.2, iPadOS 17.7.10, macOS Sequoia 15.6.1, macOS Sonoma 14.7.8, or macOS Ventura 13.7.8. These updates incorporate improved bounds checking to prevent the out-of-bounds write.

    Technical details— weakness, CVSS vector & calculator, related CVEs

    Business impact

    An attacker could craft a malicious image file that, when processed, triggers an out-of-bounds write, leading to memory corruption. This could result in arbitrary code execution with kernel privileges, allowing complete compromise of the device, data exfiltration, or further network penetration. The confirmed in-the-wild exploitation against targeted individuals underscores the severe risk to confidentiality and integrity.

    Weakness

    1
    CWE-787Common Weakness Enumeration · MITRE definition

    CVSS 3.1 details

    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
    0.0
    / 10.0 base
    Critical severity
    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
    Exploitability metrics
    Attack VectorAV
    Remotely exploitable across a network
    Attack ComplexityAC
    No special conditions required
    Privileges RequiredPR
    No authorization needed
    User InteractionUI
    No user participation needed
    Impact metrics
    ScopeS
    Impact extends to other components
    ConfidentialityC
    Total loss of confidentiality
    IntegrityI
    Total loss of integrity
    AvailabilityA
    Total loss of availability

    Related vulnerabilities

    Other CVEs affecting ipados

    NVD
    10.0Critical
    CVE-2025-24201KEV

    An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved checks to prevent unauthorized actions. This issue is fixed in Safari 18.3.1, iOS 15.8.4 and iPadOS 15.8.4, iOS 16.7.11 and iPadOS 16.7.11, iOS 18.3.2 and iPadOS 18.3.2, iPadOS 17.7.6, macOS Sequoia 15.3.2, visionOS 2.3.2, watchOS 11.4. Maliciously crafted web content may be able to break out of Web Content sandbox. This is a supplementary fix for an attack that was blocked in iOS 17.2. (Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on versions of iOS before iOS 17.2.).

    appleCWE-787Out-of-bounds WriteNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2025-03-11
    NVD
    10.0Critical
    CVE-2025-24085KEVPoC

    A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.3 and iPadOS 18.3, iPadOS 17.7.6, macOS Sequoia 15.3, macOS Sonoma 14.7.5, macOS Ventura 13.7.5, tvOS 18.3, visionOS 2.3, watchOS 11.3. A malicious application may be able to elevate privileges. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 17.2.

    appleCWE-416Use After FreeNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2025-01-27
    NVD
    9.8Critical
    CVE-2026-65400KEV

    An authentication issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27, macOS Sequoia 15.7.9, macOS Sonoma 14.8.9, macOS Tahoe 26.6.1, macOS Tahoe 26.7. An attacker on the network may be able to authenticate to Screen Sharing without valid credentials.

    appleCWE-287Improper AuthenticationNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2026-08-06
    NVD
    9.8Critical
    CVE-2025-31201KEV

    This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.4.1 and iPadOS 18.4.1, macOS Sequoia 15.4.1, tvOS 18.4.1, visionOS 2.4.1. An attacker with arbitrary read and write capability may be able to bypass Pointer Authentication. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on iOS.

    appleCWE-1220NetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2025-04-16
    NVD
    9.8Critical
    CVE-2025-31200KEV

    A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.4.1 and iPadOS 18.4.1, macOS Sequoia 15.4.1, tvOS 18.4.1, visionOS 2.4.1, watchOS 11.5. Processing an audio stream in a maliciously crafted media file may result in code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on versions of iOS released before iOS 18.4.1.

    appleCWE-119Memory Buffer ErrorNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2025-04-16
    NVD
    9.8Critical
    CVE-2022-22587KEV

    A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.3 and iPadOS 15.3, macOS Big Sur 11.6.3, macOS Monterey 12.2. A malicious application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited..

    appleCWE-787Out-of-bounds WriteNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2022-03-18
    NVD
    9.8Critical
    CVE-2021-1871KEV

    A logic issue was addressed with improved restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.2, Security Update 2021-001 Catalina, Security Update 2021-001 Mojave, iOS 14.4 and iPadOS 14.4. A remote attacker may be able to cause arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited..

    appleNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2021-04-02
    NVD
    9.8Critical
    CVE-2021-1870KEV

    A logic issue was addressed with improved restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.2, Security Update 2021-001 Catalina, Security Update 2021-001 Mojave, iOS 14.4 and iPadOS 14.4. A remote attacker may be able to cause arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited..

    appleNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2021-04-02
    0.0
    / 10.0 base
    Critical severity
    Key facts
    CVE ID
    CVE-2025-43300
    Published
    Aug 20, 2025
    Last modified
    Apr 3, 2026
    CVSS
    10.0 (v3.1)
    EPSS
    32.50%
    In CISA KEV
    Yes
    Confidence
    100/100
    Weakness
    CWE-787
    Timeline
    1. Aug 20, 2025Published to NVDNVD
    2. Apr 3, 2026Record last modifiedNVD
    3. Aug 21, 2026AI analysis generatedWavense
    View on NVD