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Vulnerabilities/CVE-2023-41993
Vulnerability dossier

CVE-2023-41993

macOS Web Content Arbitrary Code Execution

VendornetappPublishedSep 21, 2023SourceNVDWeaknessCWE-754
Act now

Actively exploited in the wild. Patch or mitigate immediately — don't wait for a maintenance window.

Severity
High · 8.8
CVSS base score
Exploitation
In the wild
CISA KEV
Predicted risk
24% model
EPSS forecast — overtaken by confirmed exploitation
Exposure
Remote
Exploitable over the network without credentials
01

What's the risk?

An unauthenticated attacker, remotely over the network, if a user is tricked into opening a malicious file or link, can fully compromise the system — steal data, tamper with it and take it offline.

The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14. Processing web content may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7.

How it's exploitedMITRE ATT&CK · inferred from weakness & vector
Execution
T1203Exploitation for Client Execution

Inferred from the weakness type (CWE) and how the flaw is reached — the techniques an attacker would chain to exploit this. Real-world corroboration appears here as threat intel is folded in.

02

Who's exploiting it?

Corroborated threat activity referencing this CVE — with source and confidence, not inference.

Confirmed exploited in the wild. CISA KEV · catalogued Sep 25, 2023

Named threat actors and observed ATT&CK techniques appear here as intel feeds are folded in — the ATT&CK chain above stays inferred until then.

03

Are we affected?

19
  • Affectedapple · ipadosall versions
  • Affectedapple · iphone_osall versions
  • Affectedapple · macos
all versions
  • Affecteddebian · debian_linux12.0
  • Affecteddebian · debian_linux11.0
  • Affectedfedoraproject · fedora37
  • Affectedfedoraproject · fedora39
  • Affectedfedoraproject · fedora38
  • Affectednetapp · active_iq_unified_managerall versions
  • Affectednetapp · active_iq_unified_managerall versions
  • Affectednetapp · cloud_insights_acquisition_unitall versions
  • Affectednetapp · cloud_insights_storage_workload_security_agentall versions
  • Affectednetapp · oncommand_insightall versions
  • Affectednetapp · oncommand_workflow_automationall versions
  • Affectedoracle · graalvm21.3.9
  • Affectedoracle · graalvm20.3.13
  • Affectedoracle · jdk1.8.0
  • Affectedoracle · jre1.8.0
  • Affectedwebkitgtk · webkitgtk\+all versions
  • 04

    What to do

    Generated by Wavense from the CVE record — an immediate mitigation and the permanent fix.

    1. !

      Mitigate now

      Until systems can be fully patched, implement stringent network filtering to block access to known malicious or untrusted websites. Enhance endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to monitor for unusual process execution or network activity originating from web browsers. Additionally, reinforce user awareness training to discourage visiting suspicious links or downloading content from unverified sources.

    2. ✓

      Permanent fix

      The permanent fix involves upgrading affected macOS systems to macOS Sonoma 14 or a newer version. For iOS devices, ensure they are updated to iOS 16.7 or a later release to remediate this vulnerability. Regularly apply all security updates from Apple to ensure protection against known and newly discovered exploits.

    Technical details— weakness, CVSS vector & calculator, related CVEs

    Business impact

    Processing specially crafted web content can lead to arbitrary code execution, allowing an attacker to gain full control of the affected macOS system. This could result in severe consequences such as data theft, installation of persistent malware, and complete system compromise. Apple has confirmed reports of this vulnerability being actively exploited in the wild, increasing the urgency and potential for real-world harm.

    Weakness

    1
    CWE-754Common Weakness Enumeration · MITRE definition

    CVSS 3.1 details

    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
    0.0
    / 10.0 base
    High severity
    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
    Exploitability metrics
    Attack VectorAV
    Remotely exploitable across a network
    Attack ComplexityAC
    No special conditions required
    Privileges RequiredPR
    No authorization needed
    User InteractionUI
    A user must take an action
    Impact metrics
    ScopeS
    Impact confined to the vulnerable component
    ConfidentialityC
    Total loss of confidentiality
    IntegrityI
    Total loss of integrity
    AvailabilityA
    Total loss of availability

    Related vulnerabilities

    Other CVEs affecting ipados

    NVD
    10.0Critical
    CVE-2025-43300KEV

    An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.8.5 and iPadOS 15.8.5, iOS 16.7.12 and iPadOS 16.7.12, iOS 18.6.2 and iPadOS 18.6.2, iPadOS 17.7.10, macOS Sequoia 15.6.1, macOS Sonoma 14.7.8, macOS Ventura 13.7.8. Processing a malicious image file may result in memory corruption. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals.

    appleCWE-787Out-of-bounds WriteNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2025-08-20
    NVD
    10.0Critical
    CVE-2025-32433KEV⚙ WeaponizedExploit likely

    Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. Prior to versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20, a SSH server may allow an attacker to perform unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems and execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials. This issue is patched in versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20. A temporary workaround involves disabling the SSH server or to prevent access via firewall rules.

    ciscoCWE-306Missing AuthenticationNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2025-04-16
    NVD
    10.0Critical
    CVE-2025-24201KEV

    An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved checks to prevent unauthorized actions. This issue is fixed in Safari 18.3.1, iOS 15.8.4 and iPadOS 15.8.4, iOS 16.7.11 and iPadOS 16.7.11, iOS 18.3.2 and iPadOS 18.3.2, iPadOS 17.7.6, macOS Sequoia 15.3.2, visionOS 2.3.2, watchOS 11.4. Maliciously crafted web content may be able to break out of Web Content sandbox. This is a supplementary fix for an attack that was blocked in iOS 17.2. (Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on versions of iOS before iOS 17.2.).

    appleCWE-787Out-of-bounds WriteNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2025-03-11
    NVD
    10.0Critical
    CVE-2025-24085KEVPoC

    A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.3 and iPadOS 18.3, iPadOS 17.7.6, macOS Sequoia 15.3, macOS Sonoma 14.7.5, macOS Ventura 13.7.5, tvOS 18.3, visionOS 2.3, watchOS 11.3. A malicious application may be able to elevate privileges. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 17.2.

    appleCWE-416Use After FreeNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2025-01-27
    NVD
    10.0Critical
    CVE-2023-46604KEV⚙ WeaponizedExploit likely

    The Java OpenWire protocol marshaller is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution. This vulnerability may allow a remote attacker with network access to either a Java-based OpenWire broker or client to run arbitrary shell commands by manipulating serialized class types in the OpenWire protocol to cause either the client or the broker (respectively) to instantiate any class on the classpath. Users are recommended to upgrade both brokers and clients to version 5.15.16, 5.16.7, 5.17.6, or 5.18.3 which fixes this issue.

    apacheCWE-502Deserialization of Untrusted DataNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2023-10-27
    NVD
    10.0Critical
    CVE-2015-3306KEV⚙ WeaponizedExploit likely

    The mod_copy module in ProFTPD 1.3.5 allows remote attackers to read and write to arbitrary files via the site cpfr and site cpto commands.

    fedoraprojectCWE-284Improper Access ControlNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2015-05-18
    NVD
    9.9Critical
    CVE-2025-49113KEV⚙ WeaponizedExploit likely

    Roundcube Webmail before 1.5.10 and 1.6.x before 1.6.11 allows remote code execution by authenticated users because the _from parameter in a URL is not validated in program/actions/settings/upload.php, leading to PHP Object Deserialization.

    roundcubeCWE-502Deserialization of Untrusted DataNetworkLow effortLow privNo interactionCIA
    2025-06-02
    NVD
    9.8Critical
    CVE-2026-65400KEV

    An authentication issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27, macOS Sequoia 15.7.9, macOS Sonoma 14.8.9, macOS Tahoe 26.6.1, macOS Tahoe 26.7. An attacker on the network may be able to authenticate to Screen Sharing without valid credentials.

    appleCWE-287Improper AuthenticationNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2026-08-06
    0.0
    / 10.0 base
    High severity
    Key facts
    CVE ID
    CVE-2023-41993
    Published
    Sep 21, 2023
    Last modified
    Nov 5, 2025
    CVSS
    8.8 (v3.1)
    EPSS
    24.35%
    In CISA KEV
    Yes
    Confidence
    100/100
    Weakness
    CWE-754
    Timeline
    1. Sep 21, 2023Published to NVDNVD
    2. Nov 5, 2025Record last modifiedNVD
    3. Sep 9, 2026AI analysis generatedWavense
    View on NVD