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Vulnerabilities/CVE-2023-32373
Vulnerability dossier

CVE-2023-32373

Apple WebContent Use-After-Free Arbitrary Code Execution

VendorapplePublishedJun 23, 2023SourceNVDWeaknessCWE-416
Act now

Actively exploited in the wild. Patch or mitigate immediately — don't wait for a maintenance window.

Severity
High · 8.8
CVSS base score
Exploitation
In the wild
CISA KEV
Predicted risk
12% model
EPSS forecast — overtaken by confirmed exploitation
Exposure
Remote
Exploitable over the network without credentials
01

What's the risk?

An unauthenticated attacker, remotely over the network, if a user is tricked into opening a malicious file or link, can fully compromise the system — steal data, tamper with it and take it offline.

A use-after-free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in watchOS 9.5, tvOS 16.5, macOS Ventura 13.4, iOS 15.7.6 and iPadOS 15.7.6, Safari 16.5, iOS 16.5 and iPadOS 16.5. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited.

How it's exploitedMITRE ATT&CK · inferred from weakness & vector
Execution
T1203Exploitation for Client Execution

Inferred from the weakness type (CWE) and how the flaw is reached — the techniques an attacker would chain to exploit this. Real-world corroboration appears here as threat intel is folded in.

02

Who's exploiting it?

Corroborated threat activity referencing this CVE — with source and confidence, not inference.

Confirmed exploited in the wild. CISA KEV · catalogued May 22, 2023

Named threat actors and observed ATT&CK techniques appear here as intel feeds are folded in — the ATT&CK chain above stays inferred until then.

03

Are we affected?

13
  • Affectedapple · ipadosall versions
  • Affectedapple · ipadosall versions
Affected
apple · iphone_os
all versions
  • Affectedapple · iphone_osall versions
  • Affectedapple · macosall versions
  • Affectedapple · safariall versions
  • Affectedapple · tvosall versions
  • Affectedapple · watchosall versions
  • Affectedredhat · enterprise_linux6.0
  • Affectedredhat · enterprise_linux7.0
  • Affectedredhat · enterprise_linux8.0
  • Affectedredhat · enterprise_linux9.0
  • Affectedwebkitgtk · webkitgtk\+all versions
  • 04

    What to do

    Generated by Wavense from the CVE record — an immediate mitigation and the permanent fix.

    1. !

      Mitigate now

      To reduce risk before patching, users should avoid browsing untrusted websites and exercise extreme caution when opening links or files from unknown sources. Implement network-level content filtering or use a reputable ad/script blocker to minimize exposure to potentially malicious web content. Consider isolating sensitive browsing activities within a sandboxed environment where feasible.

    2. ✓

      Permanent fix

      The permanent fix involves upgrading affected Apple operating systems and Safari to the patched versions. Specifically, update to watchOS 9.5, tvOS 16.5, macOS Ventura 13.4, iOS 15.7.6/16.5, iPadOS 15.7.6/16.5, and Safari 16.5 or newer. Ensure all devices are updated promptly as this vulnerability has been exploited.

    Technical details— weakness, CVSS vector & calculator, related CVEs

    Business impact

    An attacker processing maliciously crafted web content can trigger a use-after-free vulnerability, leading to arbitrary code execution on the target device. This grants the attacker full control, enabling data theft, surveillance, or installation of persistent malware. This vulnerability has been actively exploited in the wild.

    Weakness

    1
    CWE-416Common Weakness Enumeration · MITRE definition

    CVSS 3.1 details

    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
    0.0
    / 10.0 base
    High severity
    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
    Exploitability metrics
    Attack VectorAV
    Remotely exploitable across a network
    Attack ComplexityAC
    No special conditions required
    Privileges RequiredPR
    No authorization needed
    User InteractionUI
    A user must take an action
    Impact metrics
    ScopeS
    Impact confined to the vulnerable component
    ConfidentialityC
    Total loss of confidentiality
    IntegrityI
    Total loss of integrity
    AvailabilityA
    Total loss of availability

    Related vulnerabilities

    Other CVEs affecting ipados

    NVD
    10.0Critical
    CVE-2025-43300KEV

    An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.8.5 and iPadOS 15.8.5, iOS 16.7.12 and iPadOS 16.7.12, iOS 18.6.2 and iPadOS 18.6.2, iPadOS 17.7.10, macOS Sequoia 15.6.1, macOS Sonoma 14.7.8, macOS Ventura 13.7.8. Processing a malicious image file may result in memory corruption. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals.

    appleCWE-787Out-of-bounds WriteNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2025-08-20
    NVD
    10.0Critical
    CVE-2025-24201KEV

    An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved checks to prevent unauthorized actions. This issue is fixed in Safari 18.3.1, iOS 15.8.4 and iPadOS 15.8.4, iOS 16.7.11 and iPadOS 16.7.11, iOS 18.3.2 and iPadOS 18.3.2, iPadOS 17.7.6, macOS Sequoia 15.3.2, visionOS 2.3.2, watchOS 11.4. Maliciously crafted web content may be able to break out of Web Content sandbox. This is a supplementary fix for an attack that was blocked in iOS 17.2. (Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on versions of iOS before iOS 17.2.).

    appleCWE-787Out-of-bounds WriteNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2025-03-11
    NVD
    10.0Critical
    CVE-2025-24085KEVPoC

    A use after free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.3 and iPadOS 18.3, iPadOS 17.7.6, macOS Sequoia 15.3, macOS Sonoma 14.7.5, macOS Ventura 13.7.5, tvOS 18.3, visionOS 2.3, watchOS 11.3. A malicious application may be able to elevate privileges. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 17.2.

    appleCWE-416Use After FreeNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2025-01-27
    NVD
    9.8Critical
    CVE-2026-65400KEV

    An authentication issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27, macOS Sequoia 15.7.9, macOS Sonoma 14.8.9, macOS Tahoe 26.6.1, macOS Tahoe 26.7. An attacker on the network may be able to authenticate to Screen Sharing without valid credentials.

    appleCWE-287Improper AuthenticationNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2026-08-06
    NVD
    9.8Critical
    CVE-2025-31201KEV

    This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.4.1 and iPadOS 18.4.1, macOS Sequoia 15.4.1, tvOS 18.4.1, visionOS 2.4.1. An attacker with arbitrary read and write capability may be able to bypass Pointer Authentication. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on iOS.

    appleCWE-1220NetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2025-04-16
    NVD
    9.8Critical
    CVE-2025-31200KEV

    A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.4.1 and iPadOS 18.4.1, macOS Sequoia 15.4.1, tvOS 18.4.1, visionOS 2.4.1, watchOS 11.5. Processing an audio stream in a maliciously crafted media file may result in code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on versions of iOS released before iOS 18.4.1.

    appleCWE-119Memory Buffer ErrorNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2025-04-16
    NVD
    9.8Critical
    CVE-2022-22587KEV

    A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 15.3 and iPadOS 15.3, macOS Big Sur 11.6.3, macOS Monterey 12.2. A malicious application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited..

    appleCWE-787Out-of-bounds WriteNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2022-03-18
    NVD
    9.8Critical
    CVE-2021-1871KEV

    A logic issue was addressed with improved restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.2, Security Update 2021-001 Catalina, Security Update 2021-001 Mojave, iOS 14.4 and iPadOS 14.4. A remote attacker may be able to cause arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited..

    appleNetworkLow effortNo authNo interactionCIA
    2021-04-02
    0.0
    / 10.0 base
    High severity
    Key facts
    CVE ID
    CVE-2023-32373
    Published
    Jun 23, 2023
    Last modified
    Oct 23, 2025
    CVSS
    8.8 (v3.1)
    EPSS
    12.17%
    In CISA KEV
    Yes
    Confidence
    100/100
    Weakness
    CWE-416
    Timeline
    1. Jun 23, 2023Published to NVDNVD
    2. Oct 23, 2025Record last modifiedNVD
    3. Aug 22, 2026AI analysis generatedWavense
    View on NVD